add a "backup" subcommand to make consistent backups, and a "verifydata" subcommand to verify a backup before restoring, and add tests for future upgrades

the backup command will make consistent snapshots of all the database files. i
had been copying the db files before, and it usually works. but if the file is
modified during the backup, it is inconsistent and is likely to generate errors
when reading (can be at any moment in the future, when reading some db page).
"mox backup" opens the database file and writes out a copy in a transaction.
it also duplicates the message files.

before doing a restore, you could run "mox verifydata" on the to-be-restored
"data" directory. it check the database files, and compares the message files
with the database.

the new "gentestdata" subcommand generates a basic "data" directory, with a
queue and a few accounts. we will use it in the future along with "verifydata"
to test upgrades from old version to the latest version. both when going to the
next version, and when skipping several versions. the script test-upgrades.sh
executes these tests and doesn't do anything at the moment, because no releases
have this subcommand yet.

inspired by a failed upgrade attempt of a pre-release version.

mtastsdb/db.go

@@ -60,22 +60,23 @@ var (
 	ErrBackoff = errors.New("mtastsdb: policy fetch failed recently")
 )
 
-var mtastsDB *bstore.DB
+var DBTypes = []any{PolicyRecord{}} // Types stored in DB.
+var DB *bstore.DB                   // Exported for backups.
 var mutex sync.Mutex
 
 func database(ctx context.Context) (rdb *bstore.DB, rerr error) {
 	mutex.Lock()
 	defer mutex.Unlock()
-	if mtastsDB == nil {
+	if DB == nil {
 		p := mox.DataDirPath("mtasts.db")
 		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(p), 0770)
-		db, err := bstore.Open(ctx, p, &bstore.Options{Timeout: 5 * time.Second, Perm: 0660}, PolicyRecord{})
+		db, err := bstore.Open(ctx, p, &bstore.Options{Timeout: 5 * time.Second, Perm: 0660}, DBTypes...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		mtastsDB = db
+		DB = db
 	}
-	return mtastsDB, nil
+	return DB, nil
 }
 
 // Init opens the database and starts a goroutine that refreshes policies in
@@ -98,10 +99,10 @@ func Init(refresher bool) error {
 func Close() {
 	mutex.Lock()
 	defer mutex.Unlock()
-	if mtastsDB != nil {
-		err := mtastsDB.Close()
+	if DB != nil {
+		err := DB.Close()
 		xlog.Check(err, "closing database")
-		mtastsDB = nil
+		DB = nil
 	}
 }